Integrated Circuit (IC) – IC Basic Tutorial

Integrated Circuit or IC is an electronic component made of transistors, diode, resistor, capacitors in tiny semiconductor chip. Learn IC Basic Tutorial

In This IC Basic Tutorial will help you learn the basics of an IC or Integrated Circuit.

What is an IC or Integrated Circuit?

Integrated Circuit or IC is an SMD Electronic Component made up of combination of several transistors, diode, resistor, capacitors in a tiny semiconductor chip. Integrated Circuit Electronic Components or IC are of small size and very light weight. They produce excellent results at low power.

IC Basic Tutorial

IC Basic Tutorial

I have divided this tutorial into several small parts for ease of reading and understanding. Read these sections to learn the basics of on IC and how it works.

What is an IC Made Up Of

Components used in an IC are not visible from outside. These are built in a semiconductor chip and cannot be removed. Capacitors of more than 30 PF value are not used in IC nor can inductors and transformers be mounted inside the chip of an IC. Thousands and millions of bi-polar transistors and CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) FET are used in making an IC.

Types of Integrated Circuit (IC)

On the basis of external structure, ICs or SMD can be classified as follows:

  1. Single in-line pin package (SIPP).
  2. Dual in-line pin package (DIPP).
  3. Quard pin package (QPP).
  4. Pin Grid Array Package (PGA).
  5. Ball Grid Array Package (BGA).
  6. Leadless Chip Carrier (LCC) Package.

BGA IC – Ball Grid Array

IC without pins are used in mobile phones which are called Ball Grid Array (BGA). To count the number of pins in a BGA IC, there is a circular point sign on a corner upside, or there is a deep circular sign. The Ball Grid Array Package is kept on the palm in a manner so that the circular sign faces the thumb downwards.

Types of Integrated Circuit (IC) on Basis of Technology

There are two types of IC on the basis of technology:

  1. Linear IC – This type of IC works on analog signal where output signal varies according to the variable input signal.
  2. Digital IC – This type of IC works on digital signal. A defined output signal is received from a defined input signal. On the basis of electronic components used, the digital IC are of various types.Examples of Digital IC – CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory).

Integrated Circuit (IC) Basic Tutorial FAQs

The advantages of using Integrated Circuits (ICs) are as follows:

  • ICs are smaller in size, and hence, can save space in electronic devices.
  • ICs consume less power, making them more energy-efficient.
  • ICs are faster and more reliable than traditional electronic circuits.
  • ICs are less expensive to manufacture in large quantities.

The different types of Integrated Circuits (ICs) are as follows:

  1. Digital IC: These ICs work with binary signals (0s and 1s) and are used in digital devices such as computers, calculators, and digital clocks.
  2. Analog IC: These ICs work with continuous signals and are used in analog devices such as audio amplifiers and voltage regulators.
  3. Mixed-signal IC: These ICs combine both digital and analog circuitry and are used in devices such as smartphones, digital cameras, and GPS systems.

The process of manufacturing an Integrated Circuit (IC) involves several steps such as:

  1. Designing the IC layout using specialized software.
  2. Creating a mask or template of the IC layout.
  3. Transferring the mask pattern onto a silicon wafer using a process called photolithography.
  4. Etching the wafer to remove unwanted material and create the circuit pattern.
  5. Adding impurities to the wafer using a process called doping to create the necessary electrical properties.
  6. Adding layers of material to protect the circuit and connect it to other components.
  7. Testing the completed IC to ensure it meets the required specifications.

To choose the right Integrated Circuit (IC) for your project, consider the following factors:

  • The type of circuit needed (digital, analog, or mixed-signal).
  • The required performance specifications such as speed, power consumption, and accuracy.
  • The available package types and sizes.
  • The cost of the IC.
  • The availability of technical support and documentation.

Do let me know via comments about this IC Basic Tutorial. 🙂

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Santosh Das

Santosh is an Electronics Geek, Blogger, Young Entrepreneur and Founder of this Mobile Phone Repairing Website. Santosh possesses vast experience in the field of electronics, telecommunication, Soldering, SMT, ESD Safety, Keep visiting for daily dose of Tips and Tutorials.

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15 Responses

  1. AJINATH SONAWANE says:

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  1. September 16, 2019

    […] Learn More: Integrated Circuit […]

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